Pressure fluid motor



Sept. 4, 1951 F, E, 5|NLA|R 2,566,377

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Oct. 17,1944 2 Sheets-:Sheet 1 v and outerperipheries.

Patented Sept. 4, 1951 ,raassuan FLUID Moron mm: a. Sinclair, Endwell,N. Y auignor a .m

. v Manufacturing Com Pennsylvania pany, a corporation of Application0mm 11, 1944, Serial No. 559,005

12 Claims. 1

This invention relates to pressure fluid motors and more particularly toimprovements in the fluid distribution means of a pressure fluid motorof the reciprocating piston type.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved pressurefluid motor. Another object is to provide an improved pressure fluidmotor having improved fluid distribution means. A further object is toprovide an improved distributing valve mechanism for a pressure fluidmotor. A still further object is to provide an improved fluiddistributing valve mechanism embodying cooperating relatively movablefluid distributing valves for controlling the flow of 1 pressure fluidto the motor cylinder in an improved manner. Another object is toprovide an improved valve guiding arrangement whereby both valves areslidingly guided at their inner Yet another object is to provide animproved valve mechanism embodying cooperating relatively movable fluiddistributing valves having a novel passage arrangement associatedtherewith whereby an extremely sensitive valve action is attained,resulting in improved motor operation. These and other objects andadvantages of the invention will, howg ever, hereinafter more fullyappear.

In the accompanying drawings there are shown for purposes ofillustration two forms which the invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in longitudinal vertical section. with parts brokenaway, through a pressure fluid motor constructed in accordance with apreferred illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional views similar to 'Fig. 1, showing the fluiddistributing valves and motor piston in different operating positions.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional -tion shown in Figs. 1 to 5,inclusive, there is a motor cylinder I having a here I containing a recirocatory hammer piston 8. The cylinder has a rear head 4 and a fronthead 5. and the piston has a piston head 6 fitting the cylinder bore anda reduced forward extension I guided in a bore 8 in the front head.Arranged in axial alinement with the cylinder bore. at the rear end ofthe cylinder is an enlarged bore! in which the rear cylinder head isreceived. and arranged in the bore 9 at the rear of the head l is theimproved fluid distributing valve mechanism. geenrally designated 10.This valve mechanism includes a valve box ll received in the bore I atthe rear side of the rear cylinder head in engagement with the lattenandalso arranged in the bore 8 is a rear valve box cover II. An annularmember I! is arranged in the bore I between the valve box cover and amember I.

. l1 connected by a reduced bore is in an interview taken on the planeof Fig. 1. showing the r fluid distributing valves and associatedpassages.

fluid distributing valves and associated passages.

Fig. '10 is a side elevational view of the rear distributing valve shownin Fig. 6.

Fig. 11 is an elevational view of the showninFig. 10.

In the illustrative embodiment of the invenvalve mediate inwardlydirected annular portion ll of the valve box. The rear cylinder head Ihas a rearwardly projecting cylindrical portion 20 extending centrallythrough the bores II, II. I with its external surface concentrictherewith. and this projecting portion has a reduced rear end 2i fittingin a bore 22 in the valve box cover l2. Surrounding the forward portionof the projection 20 is a front annular groove 23, and the valve boxcover I! has a rear recess 24 in its forward side surrounding thereduced portion 2| and connected by parallel longitudinal passages 25with the groove 23. Formed in the valve box at its opposite ends areannular chambers 26 and 21 with which the bores I8 and II respectivelycommunicate at their outer sides. The chamber 26 is connected by a fluidconducting passage 28 in a cylinder wall with the front end of thecylinder bore. while the chamber 21 is connected by fluid conductingpassages II in the rear cylinder head with the rear end of the cylinderbore.

111 this improved construction. reciprocable in the valve box bores arecooperating'relatively movable fluid distributing valves SI and II ofgenerally L-shape in cross section. These valves have sleevelike bodies32 and 33 respectively, arranged in telescopic relation. The rear valveII has an internal annular rear flange ll, while the front valve ll hasan external annular front flange II. The exterior periphery of the bodyshown, pressure fluid may flow from the valve bore through port 43,passage 44, annular space 45, passage 46, through the annular member I3and recess 41, and through passages 43 to the recess 24, and thencethrough passages 25 to I the annular groove 23. When the parts are inspaced projections 36 (Fig. 5) which are engageable with the forwardlyfacing inner surface of the internal annular flange 34 of the rearvalve. .The cylinder head 4 and the valve box cover l2 have formedthereon at their inner surfaces annular projections 31 and 33 located atthe opposite ends of the valve chamber, and the inwardly facing surfacesof these projections provide seats against which the opposite outer endsof the valves respectively abut. The passages 25 are continuouslyconnected by passages 39 with the space between the rear end surface ofthe body of the front valve and the front surface of the internal flangeof the rear valve, so that these surfaces are continuously subjected tothe action of pressure fluid. A restricted passage 40 connects theannular space 26 with the valve box bore l1, while a similar restrictedpassage 4| connects the space 21 with the valve box bore l3. Fluid underpressure may be supplied to the distributing valve mechanism Ill throughthe bore of a throttle valve 42 rotatably mounted within the rear headblock, and a port 43 in the valve connects the valve bore with a passage44 communicating with an annular space in the member H. The space 45 isconnected throughports 45 and the interior of the annular member i3 toan annular space 41 in the rear face of the valve box cover l2, andports 48 connect the space 41 with the recess 24.

' Disposed substantially midway between the ends of the cylinder bore 2is a piston controlled cylinder exhaust passage 49. A- valve throwingpassage 50 is connected by a port 5| with the valve box bore I! at therear or inner face of the external flange 35 of the front valve 3|, andby a port 52 with the cylinder bore at a point a small distancerearwardly of the cylinder exhaust passage 49. A second valve throwingpassage 53 is connected by a port 54 with the valve box bore I6 at thefront or inner end of the body of the rear valve 30 and by a port 55with the cylinder bore a slight distance forwardly of the cylinderexhaust passage 49. Since the passages 39 are relatively restricted andthe fluid may flow relatively freely past the outer' ends of the valveswhen the latter are unseated and due to the expansion of the fluidflowing past the outer ends of the valves, the pressure of the fluid atthe outer ends of the valves is relatively lower than the substantiallyline pressure within the space between the rear end of the front valveand the forwardly facing surface of the internal flange of the rearvalve, so that when pressure fluid is supplied to the throwing passages53 and 53 the valves may be thrown toward their seated, closed positionsas will later be made apparent.

The mode of operation of the improved pressure fluid motor of theembodiment of the invention above described is as follows: When thethrottle valve 42 is turned into the position the position shown inFigs. 1 and 4, pressure fluid may flow from the front supply groove 23past the front face-of the front valve 3| and through the fluidconducting passages 29 to the rear end of the cylinder bore at the rearside of the-piston head of the motor piston, the pressure fluid actingon the rear pressure area of the piston head to move the pistonforwardly. Concurrently, the front end of' the cylinder bore at thefront side of the piston head is connected to the exhaust through theexhaust passage 49.

The rear end of the bore H at the rear side of the external flange 35 ofthe front valve 3| is likewise connected to exhaust through the throwingpassage 50. The front valve 3| is at this time held in its rearmostposition by the pressure fluid acting on the eifective front pressurearea of the valve, and the latter, due to the engagement of theprojections 36 withthe front face of the internal flange 34, serves tohold the rear valve in its closed position against the annular seat 31.As the motor piston moves forwardly from the position shown in Fig. l,the leading edge of the piston first overruns the port '52 of thethrowing passage 59 and thereafter the leading edge of the piston headoverruns the exhaust passage 49, thereby cutting off communication ofthe front end of the cylinder bore with the exhaust; and upon continuedforward piston movement the leading edge of the piston head overruns theport 55 of the throwing passage 53. Thereafter the following edge of thepiston head uncovers the port 52 of the throwing passage 50, admittingpressure fluid from therear end of the cylinder bore through thethrowing passage 50 and port 5| to the bore H at the rear side of theexternal flange 35 of the front valve 3|. Due to the relatively freeflow of fluid past the front face of the front valve to the rear end ofthe cylinder bore and the ex-- pansio'n of the fluid in the rear end ofthe cylinderbore as a result of forward piston movement, the pressuredue to the fluid acting on the effective front pressure area of thefront valve, while still substantially greater than the opposingpressure at the rear end of the valve, is sufliciently reduced withrespect to such opposing pressure so that when the throwing passage 50is opened, the front valve is quickly thrown forwardly to its closedposition against its annular seat 38, as shown in Fig. 2. The rear valve3| is maintained in its rearmost closed position by the fluid acting onthe front face of the internal flange 34. When the valves are both heldclosed against their seats, as shown in Fig. 2, flow of pressure fluidto both ends of the cylinder bore is'momentarily completely out or: andforward movement of the piston continues under the expansive action ofthe fluid v in the rear end of the cylinder bore and momentum. When thefollowing edge of the piston rim-a positionshowninl'ig.3.Assoonlstherear valve leaves its seat 31. its entire rear pressln'e areais subjected to live pressure fluid so that the rear valve is sharplythrown into its foremost position. The fluid trapped in the front end ofthe cylinder bore in advance of the piston head is highly compressed bythe piston as the latter approaches the end of its forward travel. andthis compression pressure servs to cushion the piston at the forward endof its travel. When the parts are in the position shown in Pig. 3,pressure fluid may flow from the rear supply recess 24 past the rearface of the rear valve and through the annular space 26 and fluidconducting passage 28 to the front end of the cylinder bore at the frontside of the piston head. the

pressure fluidacting on the forward pressure area of the piston headmoving the piston rearwardly. Concurrently. the rear end of the cylinderbore at the rear side of the piston head is connected to the exhaustthrough the exhaust passage 49. The rear valve II is at that time heldin its forward position by the pressure fluid acting on the effectiverear pressure area of the valve, and the latter, due to the abuttingengagement of the internal flange ll with the pro- :jections 36 on thefront valve, acts to maintain the front valve in its closed positionagainst its seat 38. As the motor piston'moves rearwardly from theposition shown in Fig. 3, the leading edge of the piston head flrstoverruns the exhaust passage 49, thereby cutting 01! communibore, andabutting the rear surface of the cylinder cation of the rear end of thecylinder bore with the exhaust; and upon continued rearward pistonmovement the leading edge of the piston head overruns the port 52 of thethrowing passage 50, and thereafter the following edge of the pistonhead uncovers the port ii of the throwing passage 53, admitting pressurefrom the front end of the cylinder bore through the throwing passage 53and port ll to the bore l6 at the forward side of the front end of the.body of the rear valve 30. Due to the relatively free flow of fluidpast the rear face of the rear valve to the'front end of the cylinderbore and the expansive action of the fluid in the front end of thecylinder bore as a result of rearward piston movement, the pressure dueto the fluid acting on the eifective rear pressure area of the rearvalve, while still greater than the pressure due to the fluid acting onthe front face of the internal flange 34, is sufllciently reduced withrespect to the latter pressure so that when the throwing passage 58 isopened the rear valve is quickly thrown rearwardly to its closedposition against its seat 31, as shownin Fig. l. The front valve ismaintained against its seat 38 by the pressure of the fluid acting onthe rear end of the sleevelike body ll of the front valve. As the pistoncontinues to move rearwardly, its following edge uncovers the exhaustpassage 49 so that the front end of the cylinder here is connected toexhaust. causing a sudden drop in pressure of the fluid acting on therear face of the external flange ll of the front valve through therestricted passage ll,-

and, as. a result, the live pressure fluid acting on the effective frontpressure area of the front valve throws the front valve rearwardly intoits open position shown in Fig. 1. As soon as the front valve leaves itsseat, the entire front pressure area of the front valve is madeeffective so that the front valve is sharply thrown maintained in itsrearmost seated position by the proiectio 88 on the front valve abuttingthe front f of the internal flange 34. The fluid trapped in the rear endof the cylinder bore rearwardly ofthe piston head is compressed by thepiston as itapproaches the end of its rearward travel, and thiscompression pressure serves to cushion the piston at the rearward end.of its travel. The sequence of events above described is rapidlyrepeated during normal operation of the motor In the embodiment of theinvention shown in Figs. 6 to 11 inclusive, the motor structure isessentially the same as that above described with the main exceptionthat the fluid distribution means is somewhat modified. In thisconstruc-' 1 has a bore 2 containing a reciprocatory motor piston 3. Themotor cylinder has a rear cylinder head 60 similar to the rear head Landa front cylinder head 5. The cylinder head 60 is arranged in a bore 9 atthe rear end of the cylinder head and the bore 9 be valve box ill havinga rear cover 82. The rear cylinder head has a cylindrical portion 63projecting rearwardly therefrom through the valve box in a mannersimilar to the projecting portion 20 of the head 4 of the preferredembodiment. The rear recess 24, passages 25 and front annular groove 23are the same as those in the first embodiment. The valve box has endrecesses 64 and 65, and a portion 66 intermediate these recesses isformed with a bore 61. Formed in the walls of the bore 81 is an annulargroove 68. The inner adjacent surfaces of the end valve box coverandrear cylinder head are plane at 69 and 10 respectively. Reciprocablymounted inthe valve box is a pair of cooperating relatively movable,fluid distributing valves II and 12 having sleevellke bodies I3 and Hrespectively, arranged in telescopic relation. The front valve 12 has anexternal annular flange I5 slidingly engaging at its exter- -nalperiphery the walls of the bore 61, and the inner periphery of the valvebody I4 slidingly engages the exterior periphery of the rear headprojection 63. The rear valve II has an internal annular flange I6slidingly engaging the exterior periphery of the projection 63 and theexterior surface-of the rear valve body 13 slidingly fits the bore 61.The exterior surface of the body 14 of the front valve slidingly fitsthe inner surface of the rear valve body 13. The rear valve II has atits front or inner end spaced projections ll which are abuttinglyengageable with the rear or inner face of the external flange 15 of thefront valve. Ports 39 connect the passages into its. rearmost position.The rear valve is the rear valve box recess 64 with the front endthrowing passage of the cylinder bore.

asoam of the cylinder bore, while fluid conducting passages 29 connectthe front valve box recess 8 with the rear end of the cylinder bore. Athrowing passage 82 is connected by a port 88 with the annular groove 68which communicates with the space between the front end of the rearvalve II and the rear or inner face of the external flange 15 of thefront valve-l2, and communicating with the cylinder bore atlongitudinally spaced points respectively located slightly to the rearof and slightly in advance of the cylinder exhaust passage 49 are ports84 and 85 for connecting the As in the first embodiment, since thepassages 88 are relatively restricted and the fluid may flow relativelyfreely past the outer ends of the valves when the latter are unseatedand due to the expansive action of the fluid, the pressure of the fluidat the outer ends of the valves is relatively lower than thesubstantially line pressure in the internal space between the valves, sothat when ressure fluid is supplied to the throwing passage 82 thevalves may be thrown toward their seated,

closed positions as hereinafter described.

The mode of operation of this modified embodiment of the invention is asfollows: When the parts are in the position shown in Figs. 6 and 9,pressure fluid may flow from the front supply groove 23 through thevalve chamber past the forward face of the front valve and through thefluid conducting passages 28 to the rear end of the cylinder bore at therear side of the motor piston, the pressure fluid acting on the rearpres- "sure area of'the'piston head 6 to move the piston forwardly;Concurrently, the front end of the cylinder boreat the front side of thepiston head is connected to exhaust through the exhaust passage 49. Thefront valve 12 is at this time held in its rearmost position by thepressure fluid acting on the effective front pressure area of the valve,and the latter, due to the abutting engagement of its external flange 15with the projections 11 on the rear valve ll acts to hold the rear valvein its closed position against the front face 69 of the valve box cover.As the motor piston moves forwardly from the position shownin Fig. 6,the leading edge of the piston head first overruns the port 84 of thethrowing passage 82, and thereafter the leading edge of the piston headoverruns the exhaust passage 49, thereby cutting off communication ofthe front end of the cylinder bore with exhaust; and upon continuedforward piston movement the leading edge of the piston head overruns theport 85 of the throwing passage 82,'and thereafter the following edge ofthepiston head-uncovers the port 84 of the throwing passage 82, therebyadmitting pressure fluid from the cylinder bore through the throwingpassage to the port I! and groove '8,

the ressure fluid acting on the rear surface of the external flange 15of-the front valve to throw the latter forwardly into its closedposition shown in Fig. 7. Due to'the relatively free flow of fluid pastthe front face of the front valve to the rear end of the cylinder boreand the expansion of fluid in the rear end of the cylinder bore due totheforward piston movement, the-pressure of the fluid acting on theeffective rear pressure area of the frontv'alve is substantially greaterthan the pressure at the front face of the valve .so that when thethrowing passage is opened,

the front valve is quickly thrown forwardly into its closed position.The rear valve is maintained in its rearmost closed position by thefluid acting of: the front face of the internal flange 18. When 7 i thevalves are both held closed, as shown in Fig, 7. the flow of pressurefluid to both ends of the cylinder bore is momentarily completely outof! and forward movement of the piston continues under the expansiveaction of the fluid in the rear end of the cylinder bore and momentum.When the following edge of the piston head overruns the exhaust passage49, the rear end of the cylinder bore is connected to exhaust. As themotor piston approaches the end of its travel, the fluid trapped in thefront end of the cylinder bore is highly compressed, and thiscompression pressure is transmitted through the passage 28 to therearwardly facing pressure area 18 on the rear valve, and thiscompression pressure, together with the live pressure fluid acting onthe rear surface of the internal valve flange l6, acts to throw the rearvalve forwardly from its closed position, shown in Fig. 7, to its openposition shown in Fig. 8. The fluid trapped in the front end of thecylinder bore in advance of the piston head serves to cushion the pistonat the forward end of its travel. When the parts are in the 'positionshown in Fig. 8, pressure fluid' may flow from the rear recess 24through the valve chamber past the rear face of the rear valve andthrough passage 28 to the front end of the cylinder bore at the frontside of the piston head, the pressure fluid acting on the pressure areaof the piston head to move the piston rearwardly. Concurrently, the rearend of the cylinder bore at the rear-side of the piston head isconnected to exhaust through the exhaust passage 49. The rear valveillis at that time held in its forward position by the pressure fluidacting on-the rear pressure area of the valve, and the latter, due tothe abutting engagement of the projections 11 with the rear face of theexternal flange 15 of the front valve, acts to maintain the front valvein closed position against the rear surface ID of the rear-cylinderhead. As the motor piston moves rearwardly from the position shown inFig. 8, the leading edge of the piston head flrst overruns the exhaustpassage 49, thereby'cutting off communication of the rear end of thecylinderbore with the exhaust; and upon con- .tinued rearward pistonmovement the leading edgeof the piston head overruns the port 84 of thethrowing passage 82, and thereafter the following edge of the pistonhead uncovers the port pressure area of the rear valve is substantiallygreater than the pressure at the rear face of the :val'veso that whenthe throwing passage 82 is opened, the rear valve is quickly thrownrearwardly to its closed position. The front valve is maintained in itsclosed position by the fluid acting on the rear'end of the valve body.When both of the valves are held in closed position, the flow of fluidto both ends of the cylinder bore is momentarily completely cut oil andthe motor piston continues to move rearwardly by the expansiveaction ofthe fluid in the front end of g the cylinderbore and momentum. As thepistoncontinues to move rearwardly, the following edge of the pistonhead overruns the exhaust passage auoasvv ll connecting the front end ofthecylinder bore toexhaust; and upon continued rearward movementthe'fluid trapped in the rear end of the cylinder bore is highlycompressed, and this compression pressure acts. on the forwardly facingpressure area 19 of the front valve to throw the latter rearwardly intoits open position shown in Fig. 6. The fluid trapped in the rear end ofthe cylinder bore cushions the piston at the rearward end of its travel.The sequence of events above described are rapidly repeated duringnormal operation of the motor.

As a result of this invention an improved pressure fluid motor isprovided having improved fluid distribution means, whereby fluid issupplied to the motor cylinder in an improved manner resulting in moreemcient motor operation. It 7 will further be evidentthat by theprovision of the cooperating relatively movable fluid distributingvalves, one valve controlling the flow of pressure fluid to each end ofthe cylinder, the valve action of the motor is materially improved. Alsoby the provision of the improved valve throwing means and particulararrangement of the pressure areasof the valve, the valves aremoved intotheir different operating positions in an improved and more positivemanner. Other uses and advantages of the invention will be clearlyapparent to those skilled in the art.

While there are in this application specifically described two formswhich the invention may assume in practice, it will be understood thatthese forms of the same are shown for purposes of illustration and thatthe invention may be modified and embodied in various other formswithout departing from its spirit or the scope v of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber having concentricside walls and opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating relativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves being of theannular sleeve type and respectively having inner and outer sleevelikebodies respectively slidingly engaging at their inner and outerperipheries the side walls of said valve chamber, said valves adapted toseat at their remote outer ends upon said annular seats, said valvebodies arranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided withannular flanges extending radially of the bodies, one an external flangeat the outer periphery of the inner valve body and the other an internalflange at the inner periphery of the outer valve body, the inner valvebody having its inner end movable into abutting engagement with theoppositely facing surface of the internal flange of the outer valve bodyin certain positions of said valves, said supply source communicatingwith the ends of said valve chamber exteriorly of the remote outer endsurfaces of said valves, said valves when seated upon said annular seatscutting off communication of said supply source with said passage means,relatively restricted passage means con- 10 I necting said supply sourcewith said valve chamber between said valves for subjecting the inner endof the inner valve body and the oppositely facing surface of theinternal flange of the outer valve body continuously to the action ofpressure fluid, and valve-throwing passage means controlled by saidpiston for subjecting the inner end of the outer valve body and theoppositely facing surface of the external flange on said inner valvebody to valve throwing pressure for urging said valves in relativelyopposite directions toward their seats.

2. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber having concentricside walls and opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,

passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating rel- 'ativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber 'for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves being of theannular sleeve type and respectively having inner and outer sleevelikebodies respectively slidingly engaging at their inner and outerperipheries the side walls of said valve chamber, said valves adapted toseat at their remote outer ends upon said annular seats, said valvebodies arranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided withannular flanges extending radially of the bodies, one an external flangeat the outer periphery of the inner valve bodyv and the other aninternal flange at the inner periphery of the outer valve body, theinner valve body having its inner end movable into abutting engagementwith the oppositely facing surface of theinternal flange of the outervalve body in certain positions of said valves, said supply sourcecomprising annular supply recesses communicating with the opposite endsof said valve chamber exteriorly of the remote outer ends of saidvalves, said valves when seated upon said annular seats cutting offcommunication of said supply recesses with said passage means, saidsupply source also including longitudinal passage means extendinginternally of said valve chamber between said recesses for connectingthe latter in communication with each other, relatively. restrictedpassage means for connecting said longitudinal pas,- sage means withsaid valve chamber within and between said valves for subjecting theinner end of the inner valve body and the oppositely facing surface ofthe internal flange of the outer valve body continuously to the actionof pressure fluid, and valve-throwing passage means controlled by saidpiston for subjecting the inner end of the outer-valve body and theoppositely facing surface of the external flange on said inner valvebody to valve throwing pressure for urging said telescopic relation andrespectively provided with.

annular flanges extending radially of the bodies, one an external flangeat the outer periphery of the inner valve body and the other an internalflang at the inner periphery of the outer valve body, the inner valvebody having its inner end movable into abutting engagement with theoppositely facing surface of the internal flange of the outer valve bodyin certain positions of said valves, said supplysource communicatingwith the opposite ends of said valve chamber exteriorly of the remoteouter ends of said valves said valves when seated upon said annularseats cutting off communication of said source with said ends of saidvalve chamber exteriorly of the repassage means, relatively restrictedpassage means for connecting said fluid source with said valve chamberwithin and between said valves for subjecting the inner end of the innervalve body and the oppositely facing surface of the internal flange ofthe outer valve body continuously to the action of pressure fluid, andvalve-throwing passage means controlled by said piston for subjectingthe inner end of the outer-valve body and the oppositely facing surfaceof the external flange on said inner valve body to valve throwingpressure for urging said valves in relatively opposite directions towardtheir seats, said valvethrowing l passage means comprising separatevalve-throwing passages communicating with said cylinder atlongitudinally spaced points and controlled by said piston forseparately delivering throwing pressures respectively to the inner endof the outer valve body and the oppositely facing surface of theexternal flange on said inner valve body, and said valve-chamber-formingmeans having an annular partition for separating the points ofcommunication of said throwing passages with said valve chamber.

4. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber having concentricside walls and opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating relativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves being of theannular sleeve type and respectively having inner and outer sleevelikebodies respectively slidingl engaging at their inner and outerperipheries the side walls of said valve chamber, said Valvesadapted toseat at their remote outer ends upon said annular seats, said valvebodies arranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided withannular flanges extending radially of the bodies, one an external flangeat the outer periphery of the inner valve body and the other an internalflange at the inner periphery of the outer valve body, the inner 12valve body having abutting engagement with the oppositely facing surfaceof the internal flange of the outer valve body in certain positions ofsaid valves, said supply source communicating with the opposite moteouter ends of said valves, said valves when seated upon said annularseats cutting oi! communication of said source with said passage means,relati'vely restricted passage means for connecting said fluid sourcewith said valve chamber within and between said valves for subjectingthe-inner end of the inner valve body and the oppositely facingsurfaceof the internal flange of'the outer valve body continuously to theaction of pressure fluid, and valve-throwing pas sage means controlledby said piston for subjecting the inner end of the outer-valve body andthe oppositely facing surface. of the external flange on said innervalve body to valve-throwing pressure for urging said valves inrelatively opposite directions toward their seats, saidvalve-throwing-passage means comprising a throwing passage havingcommunication with said cylinder at longitudinally spaced points andcontrolled by said piston, said throwing passage communicating with saidvalve chamber at a point intermediate the inner end of the outervalve'body and the oppositely facing surface of the external flange ofthe inner valve body and adapted to conduct throwing pressure to effectconcurrent urging of said valves in relatively opposite directionstoward their seats. 7

5. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber having concentricside walls and opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of the cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating relativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves being of theannular sleeve type and respectively having inner and outer sleevelikebodies respectively slidingly engaging at their inner and outerperipheries the side walls of said valve chamber, said valves adapted toseat at their remote outer ends upon said annular seats, said valvebodies arranged in telescopic-relation and respectively provided withannular flanges extending radially from the valve bodies, one anexternal flange at the outer periphery of the inner valve body and theother an internal flange at the inner periphery of the outer valve body,the inner valve body having spaced projections at its inner end movableinto abutting engagementwith an oppositely facing surface on theinternal flange of the outer valve in certain positions of its inner endmovable into .to the action of pressure ,fluid even when said valves arein abutting contact, and valve-throwing passage means controlled by saidpiston for subjecting the inner end of the outer valve body and theoppositely facing surface of the external surfaces providing annularvalve seats, passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressurefluid from the ends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of saidcylinder, a source of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperatingrelatively movable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocablymounted in said valve chamber for controlling the flow of pressure fluidfrom said fluid source to said passage means respectively, the outerremote ends of said valves adapted to seat upon said annular valveseats, said valves being of the annular sleeve type and having annularsleevelike bodies sealingly slidinglyengaging the side walls of saidvalve chamber and respectively provided with annular peripheral flangesextending radially of the valve bodies, one an external flange at theouter periphery of one valve body and the other an internal flange atthe inner periphery of the other valve body, and said flanges at theirperipheries, also sealingly slidingly engaging the valve chamber wallsrespectively, relatively restricted passage means for continuouslysubjecting the inner end of one valve and the oppositely facing surfaceon the flange of the other valve to pressure in said supply source,valve-throwing passage means controlled by said piston for subjectingthe inner end of the body of said other valve and' the oppositely facingsurface on the flange of said one valve to valvethrowing pressures forurging said valves in relatively opposite directions toward their seats.and relatively restricted leak passages for supplying limited quantitiesof pressure fluid from said source to said valve surfaces which aresubjecte to throwing pressures.

7. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, 8.piston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber, said valvechamber having alined end bores and a coaxial intermediate reduced bore,one end bore having concentric inner and outer side walls, said valvechamber having opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder. asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating relativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves at their outerremote ends adapted to seat upon said annular valve seats, said valvesbeing of the annular sleeve type and having annular sleevelike bodiesarranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided with annularperipheral flanges extending radially in opposite directions from saidvalve bodies respectively, the external peripheral surface of the bodyof the internally flanged valve slidingly engaging the outer side wallof said one end bore and the internal pel4 riphcral surface 0! the bodyof the externally flanged valve slidingly engaging the inner side wallof said one end'bore, and theexternal peripheral surface of the body ofthe externally riphery o! the external flange slidingly engaging theouter wall of said other end bore, and valvethrowing passage meanscontrolled by said piston for subjecting the inner end of the body ofsaid internally-flanged valve and the oppositely facing surface of theexternal flange of said other valve to valve-throwing pressures forurging said valves in relatively opposite directions toward their seats.r

8. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber, said valvechamber having alined end bores and a coaxial intermediate reduced bore,one end bore having concentric inner and outer side walls, said valvechamber having opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating relativelymovable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves. reciprocably mounted insaid valve chamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from saidfluid source to said passage means respectively, said valves at theirouter remote ends adapted to seat upon said annular valve seats, saidvalves being of the annular sleeve type and having annular sleevelikebodies arranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided withannular peripheral flanges extending radially in opposite directionsfrom said valve bodies respectively, the external peripheral surface ofthe body of the internally flanged valve slidingly engaging the outerside wall of said one end bore and the internal peripheral surface ofthe body of the externally flanged valve slidingly engaging the innerside wall or said oneend bore, and the external perlpheral surface ofthe body of the externally flanged valve slidingly engaging the wall ofsaid intermediate reduced bore with the exterior periphery of theexternal flange slidingly engaging the outer wall of said other endbore, relatively restricted passage means for continuously subjectingthe inner end of the body of the externally flanged valve and theoppositely facing surface on the internal flange of said other valve tothe pressure in said fluid source, and valve-throwing passage meanscontrolled by-said piston for subjecting the inner end of the body ofsaid internally flanged valve and the oppositely facing surface of theexternal flange of said other valve to valve-throwing pressures forurging said "valves in relatively opposite directions toward theirseats.

9. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber, said valvechamber having alined end bores and a coaxial intermediate reduced bore,one end bore having concentric inner and outer side walls, said valvechamber having opposed end surfaces providing annular valve seats,passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from theends of said valve chamber to the opposite ends of said cylinder, asource of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperating rela- 15 tivelymovable, coaxial fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in saidvalve chamber for controlling now of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves at their outerremote'ends adapted to seat upon said annularv'alve seats, said valvesbeing of the annular sleeve type and having annular sleevelikebodiesarranged in telescopic relation and respectively provided with annularperipheral flanges extending radially in opposite directionsfroni saidvalve bodies respectively, the external peripheral surface of the bodyof the internally flanged valve slidingly engaging the outer side wallof said one end bore, and the internal peripheral surface of the body ofthe externally flanged valve slidingly engaging the inner side wall ofsaid one end bore, and the external peripheral surface of the body ofthe externally flanged valve slidingly engaging the wall of saidintermediate reduced bore with the exterior periphery of the externalflange slidingly engaging the outer wall of saidother end bore,restricted passage means for continuously subjecting the inner end ofthe body of the externally flanged valve'and the oppositely facingsurface on the' internal flange of said other valve to the pressure insaid fluid source, valve-throwing passage means controlled by saidpiston for subjecting the inner end of the body of said internallyflanged valve and the oppositely facing surface of the external flangeof said other valve to valve-throwing pres-' sures for urging saidvalves in relatively opposite directions toward their seats, and meansfor subjecting outwardly facing surfaces respectively at the remoteouter ends of said valves to the pressure in said source and to thefluctuating pressures in said cylinder-passage means.

10. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid fluid distributing valves reciprocably mounted in said valvechamber for controlling flow of pressure fluid from said fluid source tosaid passage means respectively, said valves being of the annular sleevetype and respectively having annular sleevelike bodies slidinglyengaging the walls of the valve chamber and respectively provided withinternal and external annular flanges extending radially of the valvebodies, passage means for continuously subjecting the inner end of thebody of one valve and the oppositely facing surface on the flange of theother valve to the pressure in said source, valve-throwing passage meansfor subjecting the inner end of the body of said other valve and theoppositely facing surface on the flange of said one valve tovalve-throwing pressures, and meansfor subjecting outwardly facingsurfaces respectively at the remote outer ends of said valves to thesource-pressure and compression pressure in said cylinder passage meansin opposition to the pressures on saidvalve surfaces which arecontinuously subjected to pressure.

11. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution means forsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber having concentricinner and outer side walls, passage means respectively adapted to conduct pressure fluid from the valve chamber to the opposite ends of saidcylinder, a source of fluid under pressure, a pair of cooperatingrelatively movable, coaxial, fluid distributing valves arranged in saidvalve chamber for controlling the flow of pressure fluid from said fluidsource to said passage means respectively, said valves being of the sameinternal and external diameters and having annular sleevelike bodiesarranged in telescopic relation, the inte'rnaland external peripheralsurfaces of said valves respectively slidingly engaging the concentricirmei' and outer side walls of said valve chamber, passage means forsubjecting inwardly facing opposed surfaces on said valves respectivelyinternally of the body of the outer valve continuously to the pressurein said source, valve throwingpassage means controlled by said pistonforsubjecting inwardly facing opposed surfaces on said valvesrespectively to valve-throwing; pressures, said last mentioned opposedsurfaces arranged externally or the body of the inner vvalve, and

means for subjecting outwardly facing surfaces respectively at theremote outer ends of said valves in the source-pressure in oppositionand superior to said continuous pressure.

12. A pressure fluid motor comprising, in combination, a cylinder, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, and fluid distribution meansforsaid cylinder comprising means forming a valve chamber havingconcentric inner and outer side walls, passage means respectivelyadapted to conduct pressure fluid fromthe valve chamber to the oppositeends of said cylinder, a source of fluid under pressure, a pair ofcooperating relatively movable, coaxial, fluid distributing valvesarranged in said-valve chamber for controlling the flow of pressurefluid from said fluid source to said passage means respectively, saidvalves being of the same internal and external diameters-and havingannular sleevelike bodies arranged in telescopic relation, the internaland external peripheral surfaces of said valves respectively slidinglyengaging the concentric inner and outer side walls of said valvechamber, said valves respectively having inwardly facing opposedsurfaces internally of the body of the outer valve, passage means forcontinuously subjecting said opposed surfaces to the pressure in saidsource. valve-throwing passage means controlled by said piston forsubjecting inwardly facing opposed surfaces on said valves respectivelyto valve throwing pressures, said last mentioned opposed surfacesarranged externally of the body of the inner valve, and means forsubjecting outwardly facing surfaces respectively at the remote outerends of said valves to the source-pressure and compression pressure insaid cylinder passage means in opposition to said continuous pressure.

FRANK E. SINCLAIR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

